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Beitrag 16 von 214906 (0%)

Autor	MERLIN THE MAGICIAN
Datum	11.12.21, 13:46
Betreff	Re: Escorts in Delhi

Actual
cities
are
oversaturated,
on
one
hand
most
of
the
population
is
concentrated
in
large
cities
(in
2030
more
than
80%
(UNFPA
2007)
of
the
population
will
live
in
urban
areas),
on
the
other
hand
mobility
needs
of
the
modern
population
are
growing
continuously.
While
urban
demand
for
trips
is
growing
constantly,
supply
(capacity
of
city
streets)
is
limited,
and
must
be
optimized,
not
increased
(most
of
the
times
not
possible
inside
the
city).
Well-
planned,
efficiently
operated,
and
cost-effective
transportation
system
management
(TSM)
strategies
can
improve
mobility
of
existing
systems
for
transportation
users,
especially
in
urban
environments,
where
a
good
optimization
of
the
infrastructure
is
needed
(considering
the
high
cost
of
building
new
facilities
and
the
continuously
increasing
demand
resulting
from
economical
and
population
growth).
Last
years
tendencies
are
shifting
person
trips
from
private
vehicles
to
public
vehicles,
increasing
the
Public
Transport
share
importantly.
The
most
used
Public
Transports
are
the
“Mass
Transports”
such
as
metro,
tram
or
bus.
This
kind
of
transport
usually
has
a
centralized
management
which
uses
ITS
technologies
developed
in
the
last
decade
for
an
optimal
operation
of
the
service.
Unfortunately,
inflexibility,
long
total
travel
time
and
insufficient
service
coverage
of
Mass
Transport
systems
cause
a
lower
usage
of
them
in
most
metropolitan
areas.
Oppositely,
the
taxi-cab
sector
is
a
more
convenient
mode
due
to
its
speediness,
door-to-door
attribute,
privacy,
comfort,
long-time
operation
and
lack
of
parking
fees.
The
great

*
Corresponding
author.
Tel.:
00302310498433;
Fax:
3.0231E+11
E-mail
address:

Josep
Maria
Salanova
et
al.
/
Procedia
Social
and
Behavioral
Sciences
20
-2011
150–161
151
inconvenience
is
the
lack
of
central
management;
each
taxi
is
operated
by
an
independent
driver,
taking
his
own
decisions
continuously,
with
a
weak
intent
of
control
by
the
policy
issues
of
each
city
such
as
license
control
or
distributing
the
working
days
of
the
taxi
vehicles
(normally
the
control
is
imposed
on
vehicles,
not
on
drivers,
generating
double
shift
and
increasing
the
use
of
taxis).
An
important
percentage
of
the
cars
(e.
g.
60%
in
Hong
Kong
(Yang
et
al.
2000))
in
the
daily
flow
are
taxis,
most
of
them
empty
taxies.
This
situation
is
creating
two
problems,
an
internal
problem
to
the
taxi
drivers
(higher
empty
kilometers
means
lower
benefits)
and
an
external
problem
to
the
citizens
(congestion
and
pollution).
The
first
problem
is
being
aggravated
with
the
actual
economic
crisis,
which
is
breaking
the
market
equilibrium:
demand
is
decreasing
due
to
the
lower
incomes
of
the
population
and
offer
is
increasing
due
to
the
increasing
number
of
taxi
drivers
(not
taxi
licenses).
Market
equilibrium
cannot
be
achieved
in
this
concrete
market
because
of
the
regulations
(price
is
not
established
freely),
and
cannot
go
to
the
next
equilibrium
point
due
to
the
price
policies
imposed
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